What are common drone features and components?

Drones have a large number of components, including:electronic speed controllers, which control a motor’s speed and direction; flight controller; GPS module; battery; antenna; receiver; cameras; sensors, including ultrasonic sensors and collision avoidance sensors; accelerometer, which measures speed; and altimeter, which measures altitude. Drone features vary based on the use it is put to. Examples of features include:various types of cameras with high-performance, zoom and gimbal steadycam and tilt capabilities; artificial intelligence (AI) that enables the drone to follow objects; augmented reality features that superimpose virtual objects on the drone’s camera feed; media storage format; maximum flight time, which determines how long the drone can remain in the air; maximum speeds, including ascent and descent; hover accuracy; obstacle sensory range; altitude hold, which keeps the drone at a fixed altitude; live video feed; and flight logs.Navigational systems, such as GPS, are typically housed in the nose of a drone. The GPS on a drone communicates its precise location to the controller. An onboard altimeter can communicate altitude information. The altimeter also helps keep the drone at a specific altitude if the controller designates one.Drones can be equipped with sensors, including ultrasonic, laser or lidar distance sensors, time-of-flight sensors, chemical sensors, and stabilization and orientation sensors. Visual sensors offer still and video data. Red, green and blue sensors collect standard visual red, green and blue wavelengths, and multispectral sensors collect visible and nonvisible wavelengths, such as infrared and ultraviolet. Accelerometers, gyroscopes, magnetometers, barometers and GPS are also common drone features.For example, thermal sensors make possible surveillance and security applications, such as livestock monitoring and heat-signature detection. Hyperspectral sensors help identify minerals and vegetation, and are ideal for use in crop health, water quality and surface composition.Some drones use sensors to detect obstacles and avoid collisions. Initially, the sensors were designed to detect objects in front of the drone. Some drones now provide obstacle detection in five directions: front, back, below, above and side to side.For landing, drones use visual positioning systems with downward-facing cameras and ultrasonic sensors. The ultrasonic sensors determine how close the drone is to the ground.